Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering (WRCB) IIT Bombay hosted a seminar on 'Vaccine development: to expect the unexpected by Dr. Martinus Capelle Scientific Director, Head Technical Integrators DPD, Janssen Vaccines Prevention B.V. At every stage of product development, there is a multitude of challenges. In his talk, Dr. Martinus shared his experiences through formulation, process development, manufacturing, tech transfer, scale-up, supply chain, and finally, the administration of vaccines. Multiple case studies were shared on how different perspectives led to out-of-the-box solutions that ultimately improved the product. In his interactive presentation, he discussed supercooling phenomena, cryo-concentration, adsorption on surfaces, aggregation, physical and chemical characterization tools, and various modeling approaches.